Amakuru n'Itangazamakuru

Nubwo imaze kuba imipaka, imibereho irambye yegereye isoko ry’imyambarire rusange, kandi guhitamo imibereho y’imyaka yashize birakenewe. Ku ya 27 Gashyantare, akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe imihindagurikire y’ibihe kasohoye raporo kayo, “Imihindagurikire y’ibihe 2022: Ingaruka, kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere,” igaragaza uburyo ikibazo cy’ikirere kigana ku mibereho idasubirwaho izahinduka.
Ibirango byinshi, ababikora, abashushanya ibikoresho hamwe nisoko ryitumanaho mubikorwa byimyambarire bigenda bisukura buhoro buhoro ibikorwa byabo.Bamwe baharaniye imikorere irambye kuva yatangira uruganda, mugihe abandi bibanze kuburyo buha agaciro iterambere kuruta gutungana, kuko birinda koza ibyatsi bibisi bakoresheje ibikorwa nyabyo bibisi binyuze mubikorwa bifatika.
Birazwi kandi ko imikorere irambye irenze ibibazo by’ibidukikije, harimo n’ibibazo bijyanye n’uburinganire bw’umugabo n’uburinganire bw’imirimo iteza imbere ibidukikije bitekanye.Nkuko inganda zerekana imideli zibanda ku majyambere mu nganda z’imyenda irambye, amakuru y’imyenda irambye ya Californiya yabajije impuguke zirambye ndetse n’iterambere mu nzego: Ni ikihe kintu gikomeye cyagezweho mu buryo burambye bw’imyambarire mu myaka itanu ishize? Kwagura ubutaha?
Ubu kuruta ikindi gihe cyose, inganda zerekana imideli zigomba kuva kumurongo ugereranya-kugura, gukora, gukoresha, kujugunya-ku ruziga. Inzira ya fibre ya selile yakozwe n'abantu ifite ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gutunganya imyanda y’ipamba mbere y’abaguzi na nyuma y’abaguzi muri fibre yisugi.
Birla Cellulose yateje imbere ikoranabuhanga mu rugo kugira ngo itunganyirize imyanda mbere y’umuguzi muri viscose nshya isa na fibre isanzwe kandi yatangije Liva Reviva hamwe na 20% by’ibikoresho fatizo nk’imyanda yabanjirije abaguzi.
Kuzenguruka ni kamwe mu turere twibandaho. Turi mu mishinga myinshi ya consortium ikora ku bisubizo bizakurikiraho, nka Liva Reviva.Birla Cellulose irakora cyane kugira ngo fibre izakurikiraho igere kuri toni 100.000 muri 2024 no kongera ibikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda mbere na nyuma y’abaguzi.
Twahawe igihembo ku nshuro ya mbere y’umuryango w’abibumbye ku isi hose ku isi mu guhanga udushya no gutanga amasoko arambye yo gutanga amasoko kubera ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri “Liva Reviva hamwe n’uruziga rwuzuye rw’imyambarire ku isi”.
Ku nshuro ya gatatu yikurikiranya, Raporo ya Hotop ya 2021 ya Canopy yashyize ku rutonde Birla Cellulose nk’umudugudu wa mbere wa MMCF ku isi yose. Urwego rwo hejuru muri raporo y’ibidukikije rugaragaza imbaraga zacu zidatezuka mu kunoza imikorere irambye y’ibiti, kubungabunga amashyamba no guteza imbere ibisubizo by’ibisekuruza bizaza.
Mu myaka yashize, inganda zerekana imideli zibanze ku kurwanya umusaruro ukabije.Intego nyamukuru yibi ni ukurinda ibintu bitagurishijwe gutwikwa cyangwa kujya mu myanda. Mugihe uhinduye uburyo imyambarire ikorwa kugirango itange gusa ibikenewe kandi bigurishwa, abayikora barashobora gutanga umusanzu munini kandi ukomeye mukubungabunga umutungo.Iyi ngaruka irinda ikibazo gikomeye cyibicuruzwa bitagurishijwe bikenerwa no kwangiza imyambarire idasanzwe.
Twizera ko ikintu kinini inganda zerekana imideli zimaze kugeraho mumyaka itanu ishize nuko kuramba byabaye insanganyamatsiko yibirango n'abacuruzi.
Iterambere rirambye ryagaragaye nkisoko ryamasoko hamwe nubukungu bwiza kandi bupimwa mubukungu bujyanye namasosiyete abyemeza, kwemeza imishinga yubucuruzi ishingiye kuri yo no kwihutisha ihinduka ryamasoko.
Kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku cyemezo cyo gupima ibisabwa n'ingaruka; sisitemu yubuhanga bushya ituma urwego rutanga ibintu bisobanutse neza, bikurikiranwa kandi bigera kubakiriya; binyuze muguhitamo ibikoresho birambye, nkibitambara byacu biva mumitobe ya citrus nibindi bicuruzwa; hamwe no gutunganya umusaruro Sisitemu yo gucunga no kurangiza ubuzima, inganda zerekana imideli ziyemeje kurushaho guhindura ibyifuzo byiza byo kurengera ibidukikije mubyukuri.
Nyamara, inganda zerekana imideli ku isi zikomeje kuba ingorabahizi, zicitsemo ibice kandi zidasobanutse neza, hamwe n’imirimo idahwitse y’ahantu hakorerwa ibicuruzwa ku isi hose, bikaviramo kwanduza ibidukikije no gukoreshwa nabi.
Twizera ko imyambarire nzima kandi irambye izahinduka igipimo cyigihe kizaza dukurikiza amategeko ahuriweho, hamwe nibikorwa hamwe nibyemezo byatanzwe mubirango nabakiriya.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, inganda zerekana imideli zahuye nazo - haba mu buvugizi bw’inganda cyangwa ku baguzi - ntabwo ari ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biha agaciro abantu n’umubumbe w’isi, ahubwo niho habaho uburyo n’ibisubizo byazana impinduka mu nganda zihinduka. Mu gihe abafatanyabikorwa bamwe bateye intambwe kuri izi nzego, inganda ziracyafite uburezi, amategeko n’inkunga ikenewe kugira ngo bihinduke vuba.
Ntabwo ari ugukabya kuvuga ko kugira ngo dutere imbere, inganda zerekana imideli zigomba gushyira imbere uburinganire bw’umugore no kwemerera abagore guhagararirwa mu buryo bungana mu rwego rw’agaciro. Ku ruhande rwanjye, ndashaka kubona inkunga nyinshi ku ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore bihutisha guhindura inganda z’imyambarire mu nganda zingana, zishyira hamwe kandi zivugurura.Itangazamakuru ry’isi rikwiye kwaguka ku buryo bugaragara ndetse n’ingengo y’imari ikwiye kurushaho kugera ku bagore kandi bakagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’abagore kandi bakagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’umugore. bigomba gushyigikirwa nkuko bikemura ibibazo bikomeye byigihe cyacu.
Ibyagezweho cyane mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwerekana imideli ikwiye kandi ishinzwe ni ukwemeza umushinga w'itegeko rya Sena ya Kaliforuniya 62, itegeko rirengera abakozi bashinzwe imyambaro. Uyu mushinga w'itegeko ukemura intandaro yo kwiba umushahara, ukaba ukwirakwira cyane mu buryo bw'imyambarire, ukuraho ibiciro by’ibiciro kandi ugakora ibicuruzwa hamwe kandi bikaryozwa umushahara wibwe ku bakozi b'imyenda.
Iri tegeko ni urugero rw’umuryango udasanzwe uyobowe n’abakozi, kubaka ubumwe n’uburinganire bwimbitse, hamwe n’ubufatanye budasanzwe bw’ubucuruzi n’abenegihugu byafunze byimazeyo icyuho gikomeye cyagaragaye mu kigo kinini cy’imyenda y’imyenda muri Amerika. Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama, abakora imyenda ya Californiya ubu binjiza amadolari 14 arenga ku mushahara wabo w’ubukene w’amateka kuva ku madorari 3 kugeza kuri $ 5.SB 62 na yo ikaba ari yo ntsinzi igera kure ku bicuruzwa byishyurwa ku buryo bugaragara kugeza ubu.
Itegeko ry’itegeko rirengera abakozi bashinzwe imyambaro ya Californiya rishingiye cyane cyane ku bikorwa by’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cy’imyenda, Marissa Nuncio, umwe mu ntwari z’inganda zerekana imideli mu kuzana aya mategeko ayobowe n’abakozi mu mategeko.
Iyo amikoro asabwa kugirango habeho kwinjiza ibicuruzwa bigarukira-kandi hamaze kuboneka umubare munini wibikoresho nkibyo biboneka - birumvikana ko dukomeza gukoresha amikoro make kugirango dusarure inyongeramusaruro zinyongera?
Bitewe nibikorwa biherutse gukorwa mu kongera umusaruro w’ipamba no kuboha, iki kigereranyo cyoroshye cyane ni ikibazo cyemewe n’amasosiyete akomeye yimyambarire agomba kwibaza kuko bakomeje guhitamo ipamba yisugi kuruta ipamba itunganijwe.
Gukoresha ipamba itunganyirizwa mu myenda, ifatanije na sisitemu yo gufunga ibicuruzwa bifunze nyuma y’inganda hamwe n’ipamba nyuma y’abaguzi mu gihe cy’ibicuruzwa bitagira aho bibogamiye, nk’ibi biherutse gutangizwa na Everywhere Apparel, ni byo by'ingenzi Muri bumwe mu buryo bugezweho bwo kwerekana imideli. Kugaragaza urumuri rwinshi ku byashoboka ubu hamwe n’ipamba ridasubirwaho, bizasaba ko hashyirwaho urwitwazo rw’ibihimbano. umurima.
Ubworozi bw'ipamba bukoresha litiro zirenga tiriyoni 21 z'amazi buri mwaka, bingana na 16% by'imiti yica udukoko ku isi na 2,5% gusa by'ubutaka.
Icyifuzo cyo kwinezeza cyakabiri hamwe ninganda zikeneye uburyo burambye bwo kwerekana imideli kirageze hano.Marque Luxury yizera guteza imbere iterambere rirambye mubukungu bwizunguruka, mugihe itanga ibyangombwa byemewe mbere.
Mugihe isoko ryimyororokere yongeye kugurisha rikomeje kwaguka, hari ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko indangagaciro zigihe kizaza cyabaguzi zigenda ziva mubudashyikirwa zikabangikanya.Iyi nzira isobanutse yatumye iterambere ryiyongera mu kugura ibintu no kugurisha ibintu, bituma ibyo Marque Luxury ibona ko ari impinduka zikomeye mu nganda zerekana imideli.Mu maso y’abakiriya bacu bashya, ibicuruzwa by’ibiciro by’ibidukikije aho kuba ingaruka z’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bidukikije. ni urufunguzo rwo gufasha inganda amaherezo gufasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse no hanze yarwo.Mu gushakisha no gutanga ibicuruzwa ibihumbi n’ibicuruzwa byigiciro cya kabiri, Marque Luxury hamwe n’ibigo byayo 18+ byongeye gucuruza ku isi byahindutse imbaraga z’iri shyirahamwe ry’ubukungu ku isi, bituma abantu benshi basabwa kwinezeza no kwagura ubuzima bwa buri kintu.
Twebwe muri Marque Luxury twizera ko kumenyekanisha imibereho kwisi yose hamwe no gutaka kwamagana uburyo burambye bwo kwerekana imideli, ndetse ubwabyo, ni kimwe mubikorwa by'inganda byagezweho kugeza ubu.Niba iyi nzira ikomeje, iyi myumvire y’imibereho n’ubukungu izakomeza gushiraho no guhindura uburyo sosiyete ibona, ikoresha kandi yorohereza inganda zihenze zongeye kugurisha.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, imideli irambye yabaye intumbero yinganda. Ibicuruzwa bititabira ibiganiro mubyukuri ntaho bihuriye, ibyo bikaba ari iterambere ryinshi. Imbaraga nyinshi zibanda kumurongo wo gutanga amasoko yo hejuru, nkibikoresho byiza, imyanda mibi y’amazi, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe n’ibipimo by’akazi gakomeye. Njye mbona, ibi ari byiza cyane kuri Sustainability 1.0, kandi ubu turashaka ko hashyirwaho gahunda nini cyane. ibyingenzi byingenzi byubukungu buzenguruka, ntabwo arinkuru yose.Tugomba gushushanya, kubaka ibikorwa remezo kubakiriya bacu no kubashora muri sisitemu yuzuye. Gukemura ibibazo byanyuma byubuzima bitangira guhera. Reka turebe niba dushobora kubigeraho mumyaka itanu iri imbere.
Mu gihe abaguzi n’ibirango bigenda bishakisha imyenda irambye, ntibishoboka ko ibikoresho by’imyenda bihari byuzuza iki cyifuzo. Muri iki gihe, benshi muri twe twambara imyenda ikozwe mu ipamba (24.2%), ibiti (5.9%) kandi ahanini bikomoka kuri peteroli (62%), ibyo byose bikaba bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Ibibazo byugarije inganda ni ibi bikurikira: gukuraho ibintu bihangayikishije no kurekura microf; guhindura uburyo imyenda yateguwe, igurishwa kandi ikoreshwa kugirango yimuke kure yimiterere yabyo; Gutezimbere; koresha ibikoresho neza kandi uhindure inyongeramusaruro.
Inganda zibona guhanga udushya nkibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kandi byiteguye gukangurira udushya twinshi, tugamije “ukwezi gushushanyije”, nko gushaka “super fibre” ikwiriye gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutembera ariko ifite imitungo isa n’ibicuruzwa bikuru kandi bidafite aho bihurira. HeiQ ni umwe mu bahanga udushya twateje imbere ubudodo bwangiza ikirere HeiQ AeoniQ, uburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura polyester na nylon bufite imbaraga nini zo guhindura inganda. Inganda z’imyenda zemewe na HeiQ AeoniQ zizagabanya kwishingikiriza ku mavuta ashingiye ku mavuta, zifashe kwangiza imyuka ya mikorobe ya plastike mu nyanja, kandi bigabanye ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu nyanja.
Ibintu byinshi byagezweho mu myambarire mu myaka itanu ishize byibanze ku bufatanye bwo gukemura ibibazo bya macro bijyanye no kuramba.Twabonye ko ari ngombwa guca inzitizi hagati y’abatanga isoko n’abanywanyi kugira ngo tuzenguruke kandi dusobanure inzira yerekana inzira yo kwerekeza kuri net zeru.
Urugero rumwe ni umucuruzi uzwi cyane wo gucuruza imideli yizeza ko azongera gutunganya imyenda iyo ari yo yose igwa mu maduka yabo, ndetse n'iy'abanywanyi.Ibikenewe muri ubwo bufatanye bwongerewe imbaraga, bwihutishijwe n'icyorezo, byashimangiwe mu cyiciro cya mbere, ubwo bibiri bya gatatu by'abayobozi bashinzwe amasoko bavuze ko bibanda ku kureba niba abatanga ibicuruzwa birinda guhomba. Amahanga. Intambwe ikurikira muri iri terambere izaba iyo gukomeza kumenyekanisha uko inzira imeze, uko izashyirwa mu bikorwa ndetse n’ibizavamo. Twabonye ko ibi bibaye hamwe na gahunda y’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bya komisiyo y’ibihugu by’i Burayi, kandi nzi neza ko uzabona imikorere myiza ijyanye no kuramba bitangiye gusaranganywa mu nganda.Ntabwo ushobora gucunga ibyo uteganya kugira ngo ugabanye imyambarire kugira ngo ugabanye imyambaro kugira ngo tumenye neza ko imyambarire izagerwaho kugira ngo tugabanye ayo mahirwe kugira ngo tumenye neza ko imyambarire izagerwaho. Imbaraga iteka ryose.
Gutunganya imyenda binyuze mu kongera kuyikoresha, kuyisubiramo no kuyitunganya ni yo nzira nini muri iki gihe.Ibi bifasha gutuma imyenda izenguruka kandi ikava mu myanda. Ni ngombwa ko tumenya umubare w'amafaranga asabwa kugira ngo dukore umwenda, nk'igihe bifata kugira ngo uhinge ipamba, gusarura no kuyitunganya, hanyuma ubohe ibikoresho mu mwenda kugira ngo abantu bace kandi badoda. Ibyo ni ibintu byinshi.
Abaguzi bagomba kwigishwa akamaro k'uruhare rwabo mugutunganya ibicuruzwa.Igikorwa kimwe cyo kwiyemeza kongera gukoresha, kongera kwambara cyangwa kuvugurura birashobora gutuma ibyo bikoresho bikomeza kubaho kandi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. Gusaba imyenda igomba gukorwa mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza ni ikindi kintu abakiriya bashobora gukora kugirango bafashe kugirango umutungo wacu ukomeze kuboneka. inganda zingana numutungo kamere.Turi igice cyigisubizo cyo gutunganya umutungo aho gucukura.
Birashimishije kubona ibirango byose bito, byaho, byimyitwarire igaragara bigira uruhare muburyo burambye.Ndatekereza kandi ko ari ngombwa kumenya imyumvire ivuga ngo "bike biruta ubusa".
Igice kinini cyiterambere kandi gikenewe nuburyo bukomeza kubazwa imyambarire yihuse, haute couture hamwe nikirangantego cyamamare cyamamare.Niba ibicuruzwa bito bifite amikoro make cyane bishobora kubyara umusaruro urambye kandi mubyiza, birashoboka rwose.Ndacyizera ko ubuziranenge burenze ubwinshi buzatsinda amaherezo.
Nizera ko ibyagezweho cyane ari ugusobanura ibyo twe nkinganda dukeneye kugabanya byibuze ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karuboni byibuze 45% muri 2030 kugirango twubahirize Amasezerano y'i Paris. Hamwe niyi ntego iri mu ntoki, ibicuruzwa, abadandaza hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byabo byose bishobora gushyiraho cyangwa guhindura intego zabo uko bikenewe kandi bagasobanura ibishushanyo mbonera byabo bikwiranye n’ubu. kumara umwanya muremure - bihendutse ba nyiri ubwite, hanyuma usubiremo nyuma yubuzima.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Ellen MacArthur Foundation, urubuga rurindwi rwo kugurisha no gukodesha rugeze ku gaciro ka miliyari y'amadolari mu myaka ibiri ishize. Ubucuruzi nk'ubwo bushobora kwiyongera kuva kuri 3.5% kugeza kuri 23% by'isoko ry'imyambarire ku isi kugeza mu 2030, bikaba byerekana amahirwe angana na miliyari 700 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Iri hinduka ry'imitekerereze - kuva mu gukora imyanda kugeza mu bucuruzi bw'ubucuruzi buzenguruka ku rugero - birakenewe kugira ngo dusohoze inshingano zacu ku isi.
Ndibwira ko ibyagezweho cyane ari ugushiraho amategeko agenga amasoko aheruka gutangwa muri Amerika no mu bihugu by’Uburayi, hamwe n’amategeko agenga imyambarire ateganijwe kubera i New York.Ubucuruzi bugeze kure mu bijyanye n'ingaruka zagize ku bantu no ku isi mu myaka itanu ishize, ariko aya mategeko mashya azateza imbere izo mbaraga mu buryo bwihuse.COVID-19 yerekanye ibice byose by’ihungabana mu miyoboro yacu itanga ibikoresho ndetse n’ibikoresho bya digitale dushobora gukoresha mu buryo bwa tekinoloji dushobora gukoresha kugeza ubu mu buryo bwa tekinoloji. mutegereze iterambere dushobora gukora guhera uyu mwaka.
Inganda zimyenda zateye intambwe igaragara mukuzamura ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu myaka mike ishize, ariko haracyari byinshi byo gukora.Abakoresha imyenda myinshi kandi bafite ubwenge bazanyurwa.
Muri NILIT, twiyemeje gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa bacu ku isi hose kugira ngo twihutishe gahunda zacu zirambye kandi twibande ku bicuruzwa n’ibikorwa bizamura isesengura ry’imibereho y’imyambarire hamwe n’imyirondoro irambye. Turakomeza kwagura byimazeyo portfolio yagutse ya SENSIL irambye ya premium nylon yibicuruzwa by’abaguzi kandi twiyemeje gufasha abafatanyabikorwa bacu b’urunigi kuvugana n’abaguzi ku bijyanye n’ubwenge bworoshye bwa karuboni.
Umwaka ushize, twashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya bya SENSIL binyuze muri SENSIL BioCare ikemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije by’inganda z’imyenda, nko gukoresha amazi, gutunganya ibintu bitunganyirizwa hamwe no gukomeza imyanda y’imyenda, byihutisha kwangirika kwa microplastique niba birangiye mu nyanja.Twishimiye cyane ko hashyizweho uburyo bwo gutangiza ibikorwa bya nylon bikoreshwa mu nganda za mbere.
Usibye iterambere rirambye ryibicuruzwa, NILIT yiyemeje ibikorwa byinganda zikora kugirango tugabanye ingaruka nkuruganda, harimo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, gukora hamwe n’imicungire y’imyanda, no kurinda umutungo w’amazi mu nzira zimanuka. Raporo yacu y’amasosiyete arambye hamwe n’ishoramari ryacu mu myanya mishya y’ubuyobozi burambye ni amagambo rusange yerekana ko NILIT yiyemeje kuyobora inganda z’imyenda ku isi mu nshingano kandi zirambye.
Ibyagezweho cyane muburyo burambye bwimyambarire byabaye mubice bibiri: kongera amahitamo arambye kubindi bisobanuro hamwe no gukenera amakuru no gukurikiranwa muburyo bwo gutanga imideli.
Guturika kwa fibre zindi nka Tencel, Lyocell, RPETE, amacupa ya pulasitike yongeye gukoreshwa, amafi yongeye gukoreshwa, amahembe, inanasi, cactus, nibindi birashimishije cyane kuko ubwo buryo bushobora kwihutisha ishyirwaho ryisoko ryizunguruka - - Guha agaciro rimwe - ibikoresho byakoreshejwe hamwe no gukumira umwanda murwego rwo gutanga.
Abaguzi bakeneye kandi bategereje kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo kubyerekeranye nuburyo imyenda ikorwa bivuze ko ibirango bigomba kuba byiza mugutanga ibyangombwa namakuru yizewe afite akamaro kubantu ndetse nisi.Ubu, ibi ntibikiri umutwaro, ahubwo bitanga ikiguzi-nyacyo, kuko abakiriya bazaba biteguye kwishyura ubwiza bwibikoresho n'ingaruka.
Intambwe ikurikiraho irimo guhanga udushya mu bikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, aribyo algae yo gusiga amarangi ya jeans, icapiro rya 3D kugirango ikureho imyanda, nibindi byinshi, hamwe nubwenge burambye bwamakuru, aho amakuru meza atanga ibicuruzwa bifite imikorere myiza, guhitamo birambye, ndetse nubushishozi bunini hamwe nubushake bwabakiriya.
Igihe twakoraga imurikagurisha ry'imyenda i New York mu mpeshyi ya 2018, irambye ryatangiye kwibanda ku bamurika imurikagurisha, aho gusaba gutanga ingero mu ihuriro ryacu, ryagaragaje iterambere ryiza mu byiciro byinshi by'imyenda. Noneho ibi nibisabwa. Imbaraga abakora imyenda bashyizeho kugirango barebe ko imyenda yabo iramba irashimishije.Mu gihe cyacu cyo mu Gushyingo 2021 cyabereye i Portland, Oregon, ibyatanzwe bizasuzumwa gusa niba byibuze 50% by'ibikoresho biva ahantu hasubirwamo.Twishimiye kubona ingero zingahe zishobora gusuzumwa.
Guhuza ibipimo byo gupima irambye ryumushinga nicyo twibandaho ejo hazaza, kandi twizere ko ninganda nazo.Gupima ikirenge cya karuboni yimyenda nigisabwa mugihe cya vuba cyo gupima no kuvugana nabaguzi.Iyo hamenyekanye ikirenge cya karuboni yimyenda irangiye irashobora kubarwa.
Gupima ibi bizaba birimo ibice byose byimyenda, uhereye kubirimo, ingufu zuburyo bwo gukora, gukoresha amazi ndetse nakazi keza.Biratangaje uburyo inganda zihura neza nazo!
Ikintu kimwe icyorezo cyatwigishije nuko imikoranire myiza ishobora kubaho kure.Biragaragara ko inyungu zingwate zo kwirinda indwara ari miliyari y'amadolari yo kuzigama ingendo no kwangiza karuboni nyinshi.